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PROCEDURE AND STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE.

The planes are commonly used documents that constitute the project and therefore should be complete, and concise enough, ie include all the information needed to perform the work covered by the project as specifically as possible and without useless or unnecessary information.

The plans must contain all the necessary details for the full and effective representation of the works.

The plans must be descriptive enough for the accurate execution of works, whose effects should be deduced from them the plans work or shop assistants and measurements as a basis for the relevant assessments.

The dimensions at all levels are generally dimensioned in meters to two decimal places. As an exception, the diameters of armor, pipes, etc.. are expressed in millimeters, of the symbol standing behind the number that corresponds.

In the shop drawings, furniture, machinery, etc. are usually narrow dimensions in mm.

It must be possible, except in special cases, measurements of all items without using the bounded dimensions.

In particular, not to include detailed cutting, shall be possible to deduce directly from the plans, all the geometric dimensions of the same, by means of appropriate notes or additional specifications that define unequivocally.

As regards structures, contain, where appropriate:

Details of special devices such as support or liaison.

Will also indications on the appropriate arrows to set the forms and processes of implementation.

At each level must appear on the lower right of it, a table with the strength characteristics of concrete and steel used in the elements that define this plane, and the levels of control provided

TYPES OF PLANS AND ITS CHARACTER? STICA

The plans can be both general and detailed to carry out work in the field and shop equipment.

Their number must not be prefixed and to make as many planes as needed, given its almost exclusive use in the work at all levels.

The plans must be standardized according to the UNE fleeing the large and unwieldy formats.

The planes are made taking into account the normalization of the effect. The format used is the smaller A4 UNE 1011, the formats are bent over him according to UNE 1027, for proper file away.

Normally the original plans are deposited in the archives of the Technical Office, using a copy of them, both for the legal processing of the project and for its execution.

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SITUATION AND LOCATION PLANS.



The site location plans and drawings are those that show the location of the work that defines the project in relation to their environment at greatly reduced.

Although we can not establish semantic difference between the concepts of situation and location is unusual and custom supports the site plan called the timely location of the works of design and location to the plane somewhat larger scale where the works are located appreciably and it is recorded on the orientation and general distribution.

In terms of situation has to show clearly the situation of the works within a municipality, county, island, province or nation.

At the situation should be recorded from near and far environment with access roads, the municipalities near, far more important cities, ports, airports, factories, and other issues of potential interest for design purposes and work.

In the site plans will outline the limits of the project area so as to distinguish in plant forms and relationships with their local surroundings.

PLANS surveying? Ficosa AND LAYOUT.

The Spanish Geographic Institute has distributed a grid of fixed points throughout the nation with its coordinate expression of absolute value. Based on several of these points may be established properly verified topography "required for each project.

In most cases will be unnecessary to make closure with these points, the designer can establish fixed points as it deems appropriate for its exclusive use, for it can help in the existence in the market for land surveys that may be of very useful.

The basic points are fixed for the redesign of fitness and be testable by immobility around existing buildings that do not raise doubts.

Geologists? A and Geotechnics.

For the calculation of a foundation structure we need to know the resistance capacity of the land, this will have to make surveys, tests and trials necessary to be included in the project to a specific schedule.

Minor works, their magnitudes and characteristics, it is necessary to resort to the polls and take it as a ground bearing capacity estimated by upcoming experiments, we will have to correct variations in the calculations if, after completing the excavations and findings appropriate.

GENERAL FLOORPLANS.

In the general floor plan shows a small scale all the project elements that allow us to place its parts into a whole. The general plan is to be an aerial view of the whole.

The scales used for general plant vary depending on the magnitudes of the projected work.

Floor plans.

The plant, such as vertical projection is essential to the geometric definition of the projected works. The number of floor plans of a project can be large and should be such that precisely and accurately know all that we intend to run.



In a building project to draw the different plants would be, for example:

Excavation plan.

Foundation plan.

Floor Plan 1 º.

2 nd Floor Plan.

Deck Plan.

At the plant should be located complementary services (water, electricity, gas, telephone, drainage, etc.), however when the inclusion of these services may confuse or complicate a floor plan drawing will repeat its only for those roles, appearing thus we call plans, blueprints of facilities:

Elevation.

The elevations of a geometric figure represent the horizontal projection or view that figure in the normal direction to its various axes.

The number of planes elevation will feature the faces of the figure and its axis of symmetry. In a building, for instance, to draw as many rebels as fronts available. The scale used for the rebels should be similar to those used for plants.

SECTIONS.

The longitudinal and transverse sections are therefore essential to see the inside of parts designed and therefore able to execute them. The plans and elevations by themselves can not define an irregular volume for the three-dimensional dimension of a geometric figure is necessary to use sections.

The scales used in the sections are similar to those used in plants and in addition they must indicate the place where it is sliced.

SCHEMES.

In most of the projects is necessary to develop schemes of different internal distribution networks (electricity, water, gas, compressed air, etc..) For the drawing of these schemes do not use any scale.

The schemes we also serve to represent chemical processes, production line of a plant layout, etc..

For internal distribution networks in the buildings we use the standard color-coded according to UNE 1063. It should always be used in standard symbology schemes, or alternatively, the one adopted by specialized firms.

Geometric definition.

In some ways projects will not be enough plants, elevations and sections for complete understanding and definition. In these cases it will be necessary to resort to theories of geometry and representation systems ideal way to establish both the definition of dimensioning and construction methods to use in future works to be executed.



We use these geometric definitions, for example, to draw a cover in the form of hyperboloid or paraboloid.

DETAILS.

In a project should not be any element to be defined. The details we can draw on their own plane where the item appears to detail or a set of plans will call detail drawings, or by combining the two.

There are many elements to be defined in these plans: detail of wrought casket detail, sump detail, detail, earth, etc.. All these details can be included in the floor plan, section and elevation. But sometimes it is necessary to make concrete plans in detail, including: details of joinery: doors and windows,

The scales used to detail are high and vary between 1:50 and 1:2

PERSPECTIVES AND MODELS.

In construction projects it is customary to draw a wide perspective of the projected works, this plane is for informational purposes only.

The models, such as three-dimensional representation of the projected works can be useful not only for information but can also solve a problem posed in the project or find that some of the solutions are not viable.



It is advisable to develop models in large projects as they arise based on a public tender as the Court does not always responsible for their selection is made entirely of specialists.

For the models should be selected view those scales that allow the planned works satisfactorily.

Formats, SCALES AND LEGENDS.

The formats and scales used for the preparation of the plans shall be indicated on the UNE 1026

The minimum format will UNE 1011 series? 4 (210 x 297 mm)

LIST OF FORMATS AND MEASURES

A4 210 x 297

A3 297 x 420

A2 420 x 594

A1 594 x 841

A0 841 x 1189

2 1189 x 1682 A0

A0 1682 x 2378 4



The leaves can be used portrait or landscape. In the small sizes can be taken as a standard upright. Formats can be exceptionally elongated.



SCALES.

Scale is the relationship between segment length and the length drawn by the principal.

REDUCTIONS.

The scales typically used for reductions, are set forth in the standard and all are derived from:

1:1

1:2

1:2,5

1:5

EXTENSIONS.

Extensions to be used normally expressed in standard scales:

2:1

5:1

10:1

Is the scale size 1:1. All scales used are indicated on the front of the plane, highlighting the main characters larger. The subscales also indicate corresponding parts in the drawing.



In general, everything will be drawn to scale, the dimensions of the parts out of scale will be highlighted.

According to the Technical Building Code, the plans must contain:

Planes. The project will contain as many planes as necessary to define in detail the works.

If rehabilitation work will include building plans before the intervention.

Location map *. Relative to current planning, with reference to points located and indicating the geographic north.

Justification site plan *. urban, alignments, setbacks, etc..

Development plans *. Road network, connections, etc..

General Plant *. bounded, indicating scale and uses, reflecting the fixtures and furniture when needed for testing the functionality of the spaces.

Deck Plans *. Earrings, water collection points, etc..

Dimensional *. elevations and sections, indicating the scale and dimensions of plant height, thick forged, total height, to check compliance with zoning and functional requirements.

Structure plans. Description dimensional graphics and all of the structural system (foundation, supporting structure and horizontal structure). Those relating to the foundation will include, in addition, its relationship with the immediate environment and the whole work.

Installation plans. Description dimensional graphics and networks of each facility, plans, sections and details.

Plans constructive definition. Graphic documentation of construction details.

Graphics memory. Indication of concrete solutions and unique elements: carpentry, locksmith, etc.





House Plans